einstein intersection coverWill our stories outlive us; and, if so, how will we be perceived when they are found?

Below is a short review of Samuel R. Delany’s The Einstein Intersection (1967); I’ve posted a more thorough review at Retrospeculative.

I think in this short novel, Delany is showing off (or he was a heck of a lot smarter than I was at the tender age of twenty-three), but if the reader can struggle through the confusing patches, there are delights to be had. Delany is definitely not for everyone, but there is some wonderfully lyrical writing, and the novel is quite satisfying if you’re able to immerse yourself in his world-vision. It amazes me that Delany was published in a pulp fiction market. His working title for the book was A Fabulous, Formless Darkness (from a William Butler Yeats work he’d quoted), but it was ‘re-worked’ by the publisher, Ace Books (of  garish covers and low-priced packaging fame). Ace‘s main audience was teenage boys who wanted formulaic plots with the usual science fiction stereotypes. Delany employed the stereotypes, but twisted them into unusual perspectives. Even though he set his stories far in the future, they were designed to describe the world as it was.

The novel takes place on Earth; however, it is set tens-of-thousands of years into the future: myths run rampant and are only partially explained at the crossroads of logic and irrationality (with tongue firmly planted in cheek, I’d suggest searching at the corner of Einstein Street and Gödel Avenue). Two of the major themes are travel, through space,  time, and thought, as echoed in Delany’s travels through the Mediterranean, Spain, and Greece (which he relates in between-chapter notes), and difference from the ‘norm’, as demonstrated by the mutating aliens, who are attempting to maintain a sense of conformity while sifting through the gossamer memories of a sentient species — humanity — that has vanished.

The reader is immersed in the alien’s milieu, just as the aliens are immersed in the quagmire of humanity’s psychic memories. Within the body of the novel, Delany has included some travel-notes, which he wrote while wandering through foreign lands, creating the novel. At one point [p.119], he writes: “…perhaps on rewriting I shall change Kid Death’s hair from black to red.”  But the reader has already encountered the character, and his hair is red, which demonstrates Delany’s interest in time, events in time, and awareness; what has been, what might have been, and what is. And he has also set up a conscious association between the author, the reader, and the words on the page (something he does to a dizzying degree in Dhalgren). At another point [p. 65], Delany implicitly states that “…the central subject of the book is myth.”

It is a book full of myth and peppered with confusion; nevertheless, if you enjoy a story that requires some cobbling together and leaves you thinking after you finish, I highly recommend it; along with Dhalgren, Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand, and the Return to Nevèrÿon series, it displays Delany at his mythical best.

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I just saw this story in the news, and I thought I’d share…

There was a fire in an Edmonton subdivision (Lewis Estates, near 213th Street and 88th Avenue) in which three homes were destroyed and two others damaged, with total costs around a million dollars.

ice-tea-stand

picture from the Global News story

Some enterprising neighbourhood children decided to help out by setting up an iced tea stand and donating proceeds to those affected by the fire. It’s been reported that after two nights of sales they’ve raised $1,700 dollars. Their goal is $17,000, and they plan to continue until their goal is met. The price is ‘by donation’ and I’ve heard that it’s not unusual to garner $20 per cup.

The idea was initiated by a young girl, Alexis Morrow, but the entire neighbourhood’s children seem to have taken to the cause; they are out in force, displaying signs, chanting: “Help the homes! Help the homes!”

Yesterday evening, one of the homeowners, Brian Logan (whose house was essentially ruined), was so touched that he visited the iced tea stand to express his thanks. “When I heard about what you guys were doing today,” he told the children, with tears in his eyes, “it made me feel so good. You’re such wonderful, wonderful children. I could try and hug you all, but that’s a lot of you.” He paused, and then added: “They’re angels, they’re absolute angels.”

What a nice story: it brightened up my day.

For more information: Global News Story

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Below is a ‘synopsis’ review; for my full review, check out Retrospeculative

among-others-coverIn Among Others it’s unclear where the line between autobiography and fiction resides; but, at the very least, I assume fiction takes over where magic blurs the edges of reality. The novel won the Hugo Award (2012), the Nebula Award (2011), and the British Fantasy Award (The Robert Holdstock Award, 2012).

The novel is, in part, a love-letter to science fiction and fantasy books and their authors (and librarians), and there are numerous references to ‘speculative’ fiction within Among Others.

I enjoyed the novel, and there were even a few references to works I haven’t read that I may look up. Events proceed with a charming aura and, although not much happens in the novel, it is the journey that makes the experience worthwhile. For me, the journey began decades ago as a young boy. Since finishing the novel I’m almost sure I’ve detected fairies out the corners of my eyes, at the edge of what is called reality.

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choicesSometimes conversations are meant for eavesdropping…

I was standing in the aisle on a bus. A young mother (in her mid thirties) and her son (perhaps seven years old) were sitting on the seat beside me. The woman was reading a paperback and the boy was playing a game on a hand-held device; his legs were swinging, his eyes were glued to the screen.

Suddenly, the boy’s legs stilled; he looked sideways, and said, “Mom?”

“Yes?” she answered, but her eyes remained on the book.

“Why are some people evil?”

The woman closed the book, set it on her lap. She thought for a moment, and then said, “I think it’s a bad choice they’ve made. We all have good and bad thoughts, and it’s up to each of us to decide which thoughts to follow. I think that without evil it’s impossible to decide what is good. It’s like hard things and soft thinks: you need the comparison to tell which is which. There are people at the two ends of the scale of behaviour: saints and evil people. The rest of the people — most of us — are in-between saints and evil people. The average person, most of society, decides that it’s better to be more like a saint than an evil person. Maybe it’s the difference that helps people to decide to become better human beings.”

The boy’s attention returned to the game, his legs a-swinging. The woman smiled, and then opened her book and continued reading.

But a few moments later the boy’s legs stilled; he looked at the woman again and said, “Mom?”

“Mmm, hmm?”

“What if saints were even better, and evil people not so evil? Or if there was more saints and less bad people? Then the difference between good and evil would go toward better, and average people would be nicer. Wouldn’t that be good?”

His mom paused for several seconds before answering; finally, she said, “Yes. Yes, that would be good.” And she put her book into her purse and hugged him until I got off the bus two stops later.

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spiegelman_co-mix_poster

Art Spiegelman
Self Portrait with Maus Mask, 1989

It was a gorgeous day yesterday, and I went downtown with my wife and daughter (Cathy and Brynne), to — among other things — take a stroll through the Vancouver Art Gallery. The exhibit that intrigued me the most was Art Spiegelman’s CO-MIX: A Retrospective of Comics, Graphics and Scraps. The exhibit includes more than four hundred preparatory drawings, studies, detailed drawings, sketches, et cetera, with connections to his early 1970s work in underground ‘comix’ (under the leadership of Robert Crumb), his award-winning Maus, and some newer works.

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I was amazed at the extent of Spiegelman’s high-quality output, and with the variety of style, subject, and composition. It was particularly interesting to see the process from scraps, through sketches with notes, studies, detailed drawings and, finally, the finished work. It was also nice to see some of the imperfections in his work; the kind of thing that is sanitized for public consumption — I rather like the slight smudges, et cetera: they add an essential layer of reality.

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It was also an eye-opener to see the detail, depth, and quality of the Maus compositions: the product available in book form doesn’t do the work justice.

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If you have a chance to see the show in Vancouver, or if it comes to a city near you in the future, I highly recommend a trip to view the works; particularly if you have any intention of becoming an illustrator, graphic artist, writing your own graphic novel, or if you just enjoy the art form; especially, of course, if you are a fan of Art Spiegelman.

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escherAs if I don’t waste spend enough time on the computer, I’ve decided to start another blog…

I’m not sure what the blog will eventually look like (if past projects are any indication, I’ll notice some scope creep…), but it’s starting out as a retrospective look at speculative fiction (an ‘umbrella’ term that never quite caught on, but is often used and includes science fiction (with its relatives, utopian, dystopian, apocalyptic, post-apocalyptic and alternate history), fantasy, supernatural fiction, superhero fiction, et cetera).

If you’re at all interested, the site — Retrospeculative.wordpress.com — is up and running with the first post, my pick for the best speculative novel of 1952 (I’ve also added Retrospeculative to my blogroll).

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It has been pretty windy around here lately, but I just read about a storm that defies comparison anywhere on Earth…

Cassini — a spacecraft launched from Cape Canaveral in 1997 — has sent back some dramatic pictures of a colossal hurricane at Saturn’s North Pole.

The eye of the storm is over two-thousand kilometers in diameter, twenty times the size of a typical hurricane on Earth. Scientists believe that the storm has been active for years, with its epicenter anchored at the North Pole where water vapor must be fueling the hurricane. Clouds reach speeds of over five hundred kilometers per hour at the periphery of the hurricane.

NASA constructed a video (with informative audio) from the images gathered by Cassini

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http://www.physics.hku.hk

physics.hku.hk

It’s not like I was planning a vacation (but you never know); I was just curious, and decided to find out exactly where on the planet the North Pole is. The answer wasn’t as easy as I thought…

As a matter of fact, there are several ‘North Poles’ (the following is somewhat ‘borrowed’ from a Scientific American article):

  • North Pole, Alaska. This town isn’t close to any of the other North Poles in this post, but the town gets a lot of mail just prior to Christmas every year.
  • Geographic North Pole, the point where all the lines of longitude of a map meet: known as true north to cartographers.
  • Celestial North Pole, a whimsical point that is defined by extrapolating the Earth’s axis of rotation into the heavens. If we imagine the celestial North Pole as a hub, the universe of stars — the celestial sphere — rotates around it. This is an important point for the set-up of sundials (Polaris — the North Star — is located surprisingly close to the Celestial North Pole).
  • Instantaneous North Pole, where the Earth’s rotational axis meets its surface. The instantaneous North Pole is not a fixed point: it whirls in an erratic, spiral dance called the Chandler wobble (i.e.: the Earth wobbles, as discovered in 1891 by Seth Carlo Chandler).
  • The North Pole of Balance is defined as the center-point of the Chandler wobble (see above).
  • Magnetic North Pole, where the Earth’s magnetic field is vertical (also called ‘the magnetic dip pole’: if you stand at this point, a compass needle will try to point (dip) straight down). Similarly to the instantaneous North Pole, the magnetic North Pole is not a static point; it moves as much as fifty kilometers per year. Currently, the magnetic North Pole is moving from northern Canada toward Siberia. And, to be factual, the magnetic North Pole is somewhat of a misnomer because it actually behaves like the south pole of a magnet (by definition, a magnet’s flux lines describe a vector away from the north pole and toward the south pole: the opposite of Earth’s north/south pole magnetic field vectors).
  • Geomagnetic North Pole is an attempt to treat the complexity of Earth’s magnetic field as a dipole bar magnet. Geomagnetic north is of little use to navigators — magnetic north is much more useful — but if you happen to be a space physicist, geomagnetic north might interest you because the further you travel from our planet the more it approximates the characteristics of a dipole bar magnet.

In summary, I have no idea which North Pole Santa calls home; also, if you’re planning a trip to the North Pole, you’d best decide which one you want to arrive at before setting out.

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Many years ago, when I was hiking through a forest alone, I happened upon an amphitheatre nestled in a natural bowl in the landscape. It was mere luck that guided my footsteps to the site…

The amphitheatre was ancient, centuries old. Its concentric stone benches had been worn to a velvet comfort by the gentle hands of time, and it was a euphoric experience to sit in quiet contemplation, absorbing the essences of ancient luminaries that had, I was sure, ruminated on the same seat.

An orb was cradled on a stone dais at the amphitheatre’s hub. The orb was approximately three meters in diameter, but its contours were only discernible as a subtle distortion of light. It was only at certain angles of perception that an elusive luminescence — a golden-green aura — was visible around its confines. I sensed rare perfumes seeping from the orb; exotic incenses from ethereal realms.

The orb also emitted a field; a palpable essence that rippled through the amphitheatre. The orb’s aura — the field — produced a sensation that is indescribable, indelible, and soothing, but I could advance no closer than a few meters from the orb, where a moderate, yet firm, resistance was felt (alike the force of magnetic opposition). The field was gentle, but its full power could be sensed. I endeavoured to break through the field — by anchoring my shoes in the soil and pressing enthusiastically with a shoulder — but I remained delightfully frustrated.

I sat quietly in the amphitheatre until twilight threatened and I was forced to retreat out of the forest. I removed my red tee-shirt, which I tore into strips to tie onto branches, to mark the way back.

The next day I retraced my steps, guided by the strips of cloth. A perplexing anxiety pervaded my being as I drew close to the site, as if I was about to lose something dear: but I pressed on, anticipation overcoming apprehension.

My heart sank when I entered the clearing.

There was no amphitheatre, no orb; instead, there was a dilapidated shack beside a pond that was fed by a meandering brook. Inside the shack there were signs of vagrants, rat droppings, and the poignant calling-card of skunk.

Had it been a dream, hallucination, or parallel world? There was no telling. Perhaps it was a unique experience, a gift to be appreciated, but let go, swept away with yesterday’s dust.

It had been a mistake, I decided, to try to return. I walked out of the forest, untying my rags from the trees as I went. A spiritual calm enveloped me.

I’ve never attempted to go back to the amphitheatre in the waking world, but I often visit in my dreams; and, when I do, I awake with new perspective; nothing tangible, but a feeling, an inner knowledge — a liberation— that guides me through the day.

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From the top left hand corner of the keyboard, the first six letters are almost invariably QWERTY.  Why is that, and how did the QWERTY keyboard become so popular?

Sholes and Glidden 1874

In 1868, an American Mechanical Engineer, Christopher Latham Sholes, produced a type-writer that had letters arranged in alphabetical order; unfortunately, among the design problems was the fact that if a typist worked too quickly, keys would jam together and slow the typist down (for those unfamiliar with the mechanical type-writer, it has arms, called keybars, with letters on the end. The keybars were raised to strike the printing surface when the corresponding key was pressed. The keybars became tangled if a typist hit two adjacent keys in quick succession). Sholes, with the assistance of his friends Carlos Glidden and Samuel W. Soulé (and probably educator Amos Densmore, who studied letter-pair frequency), redesigned the type-writer with the current QWERTY layout that survives today (it is a common misconception that the QWERTY design was meant to slow down typists so the ‘jams’ would not occur; rather, it was an attempt to prevent jams and accelerate a typist’s speed).  

Sholes was not an efficient businessman, or marketer, and sold the rights to the invention to James Densmore, a banker (and brother of Amos Densmore). James Densmore partnered with Philo Remington (of rifle manufacturing fame) to market and manufacture the type-writer. In 1877, the very first Sholes & Glidden Typewriter was available to the market, but it took engineers at Remington a few years to create a design that appealed to the masses; after the engineer’s tweeks, sales increased dramatically.  

There were competitors, with different layout configurations, but Remington had an ace up their sleeve…

They had an ace typist, Frank McGurrin, probably the first touch typist. He won several crucial typing contests, which were commonplace competitions in the late 1880s. In particular, McGurrin won a prestigious Cincinnati typing contest in 1888. The New York Times declared that the victory made it clear that the Remington machine was superior. And so the age of the QWERTY keyboard began…

Since then, there has been opposition to the QWERTY design, most notably due to the research of Frank Gilbreth, which eventually led to August Dvorak’s design. In the 1920s, Gilbreth, an Industrial Engineer, carried out time and motion studies and declared that alternate design layouts could not only increase speed, but reduce errors and fatigue. In the 1930s, Dvorak (along with colleagues at the University of Washington) designed a new keyboard layout, based on Gilbreth’s research; and, in 1936, the Dvorak Simplified Keyboard was patented, and Dvorak claimed it provided a scientifically proven, enhanced performance over the QWERTY design. Dvorak’s scientific methods have been seriously questioned, but he managed to convince the US Navy to order thousands of typewriters; regrettably (for Dvorak), the Treasury Department refused to complete the transaction (there was a Navy study that demonstrated the superiority of the Dvorak machine, but the experimental set-up and statistical analysis was unsound; furthermore, it was later revealed (by Sholes biographer, Arthur Foulke) that the author of the report was none other than Lieutenant Commander August Dvorak).

There have been some studies that indicate that Dvorak’s design may increase typing speed, but the layout hasn’t gained much momentum in the modern world.

 The ubiquity of the QWERTY keyboard, and the infrastructure surrounding the design (instruction infrastructure (instructors, facilities, books, software…), touch-typists already trained, manufacturing facility set-up, etcetera) dictate that the QWERTY keyboard will survive, unchallenged, until keyboards are replaced with an alternate technology (voice recognition, gesture recognition and motion sensing technology, or others (thought recognition?)).

 Long live QWERTY!

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For more information:

The Fable of the Keys, by S.J. Liebowitz and Stephen E. Margolis

QWERTY at Wikipedia

CBC Radio Spark

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